Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? The conspirators including Babington were all. This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule - BBC Bitesize As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Norfolk was killed in 1572. . Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. Europe. Marriage and the Succession She was expected to marry and produce an heir for the Tudor line but she wanted to choose the right person and not anger anyone. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. It was estimated that Drake returned with approximately 400,000 of Spanish treasure from regular raids of Spanish ports in South America. Drake was the first English person to achieve this (and the second person in history at the time). The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. In 1565 the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire proposed that Elizabeth marry Archduke Charles of Austria. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. PDF Mark Scheme (Stage 8 Sign Off) November 2020 Company Reg no: 04489574. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. Elizabeth I | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. Manage Settings Henry himself gave people cause . (*fragmentary*). Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Marys execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. The threat of invasion was Elizabeth's main problem when she became Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. During Drakes raid, he captured more than 1000 tons of planks made from seasoned wood, which was needed to make the barrels used to carry food and water. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. Therefore, Elizabeths legitimacy was questioned because of the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Elizabeth I and Spain - History Learning Site However, to say therefore increasing involvement was the responsibility of Elizabeth alone would be wrong. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). The powerful countries in Europe at that time - France and Spain - were Catholic and the plots against Elizabeth often . What Problems Did Elizabeth Face in 1558? - 844 Words | Studymode VAT reg no 816865400. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. However, she was fearful of the presence of Spain in the Netherlands, who were busy putting down the Dutch Revolt from 1566 under the command of the Duke of Alba. Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. Boston House, This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. Edward VI - Wikipedia They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. 1. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. In this sense, the colonisation of Virginia should be understood in relation to the wider conflict with Spain. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. Guy states that Northumberland's success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset's wars . The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. The French were Catholic but did not have the same hostility to English Protestantism as Spain was. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. The use of fireships by the British exposed this weakness. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry. Foreign Affairs / Overview of Elizabeth I / Historical Association English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. The attack was a success. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. West Yorkshire, Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603. They began to revolt against the Spanish. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. He plotted a Spanish invasion of England, which would involve the killing of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. He was a protestant and head of his country; however England viewed Sweden as a mediocre power and not a nation to be linked with in marriage. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. However this union was appalling because he was Catholic was married to the previous queen, and a foreigner. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? PDF What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558? - WordPress.com Why religious compromise was so difficult. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. 1558 -french threat. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country.

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